China Wants to Run High-Speed Trains at 400 km/h
中国要把高铁提速到 400 公里
「十五五」期间中国计划新建约 1.5 万公里铁路（其中高铁约 1 万公里），并加快构建时速 400 公里高铁建造运营成套技术与标准体系、稳步推进商业化运营；CR450 样车试验时速 450 公里、运营时速 400 公里。
A five-year plan calls for about 10,000 km of new high-speed line and a full standards system for 400 km/h operation. The CR450 prototype is designed for 450.
China plans to lay about 15,000 kilometres of new railway during its next five-year plan, roughly 10,000 of it high-speed, a senior official at the National Development and Reform Commission said on 4 November. Xia Xin, who heads the commission's infrastructure department, described the goal as essentially completing the modernisation of the network.
The centrepiece remains the “eight vertical, eight horizontal” grid of high-speed corridors, which the plan expects to finish. High-speed lines carry passengers; regional connecting lines will be extended where they make sense.
The more interesting commitment is speed. China will accelerate work on a complete system of technology and standards for building and running railways at 400 kilometres an hour, Xia said, and push steadily towards commercial operation at that speed. For comparison, the fastest trains in service today run at 350.
Raising the ceiling is not only about motors. At 400 km/h, track geometry, braking distance, pressure waves in tunnels and energy consumption all become harder problems — which is why the wording is about a “system of standards” rather than about a single train.
The train in question already exists, at least as a prototype. The CR450, unveiled on 29 December 2024, is designed for a test speed of 450 km/h and an operating speed of 400, making it the fastest high-speed train in the world on paper. Static and low-speed trials are done; progressive speed runs come next.
The first line expected to use it is the Chengdu–Chongqing section of the Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu corridor, where the journey is meant to fall to about 50 minutes. Conventional lines are not being neglected either: the plan also calls for expanding capacity on busy trunk routes and finishing the Yangtze-corridor high-speed line.
中文翻译（全文）
中国计划在下一个五年规划期间新建约 1.5 万公里铁路，其中约 1 万公里为高铁——国家发展改革委一位高级官员在 11 月 4 日表示。发改委基础设施发展司司长夏鑫称，这一目标基本就是实现铁路现代化。
重点仍是「八纵八横」高铁主通道，规划期望基本建成。高铁主要承担客运；区域连接线则在合适的地方合理延伸。
更有意思的承诺是速度。夏鑫表示，中国将加快构建时速 400 公里高铁建造与运营的成套技术和标准体系，并稳步推进该速度下的商业化运营。作为对照，目前运营中最快的列车为 350 公里/小时。
把上限抬高，不只是电机的事。到 400 公里/小时，轨道几何、制动距离、隧道内的压力波和能耗都会变成更难的问题——这也是为什么官方措辞是「成套标准体系」，而不是某一款列车。
这款列车至少以样车的形式已经存在。2024 年 12 月 29 日下线的 CR450，设计试验时速 450 公里、运营时速 400 公里，纸面上已是全球最快的高铁列车。静态与低速动态试验已完成，接下来是逐级提速试验。
最先使用它的预计是沪渝蓉通道的成渝段，届时两地通行时间有望压缩到约 50 分钟。普速铁路也没有被忽略：规划还要求对繁忙干线扩能改造，并建成沿江高标准高铁。
重点词汇
- corridor /ˈkɒrɪdɔː/ n. — a route or band of land along which transport runs 通道；走廊 The eight vertical corridors form a grid.
- trunk route /trʌŋk ruːt/ n. — a main line carrying most of the traffic 干线 Busy trunk routes will be expanded.
- capacity /kəˈpæsəti/ n. — the maximum amount something can carry or handle 运力；容量 The plan expands capacity on busy lines.
- prototype /ˈprəʊtətaɪp/ n. — a first full-scale model used for testing 样车；原型 The CR450 exists as a prototype.
- geometry /dʒiˈɒmətri/ n. — the shape and arrangement of physical parts 几何（形状） Track geometry becomes critical at speed.
- progressive /prəˈɡresɪv/ adj. — happening in stages, increasing step by step 逐步的；递进的 Progressive speed runs come next.
- ceiling /ˈsiːlɪŋ/ n. — an upper limit 上限 Raising the ceiling is not only about motors.
- commercial operation /kəˈmɜːʃl ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/ n. — running a service for paying customers 商业化运营 It aims at commercial operation at 400 km/h.
- modernisation /ˌmɒdənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. — the process of making something up to date 现代化 The goal is railway modernisation.
- unveil /ʌnˈveɪl/ v. — to show something publicly for the first time 发布；推出 The CR450 was unveiled in December 2024.
阅读测验
共 5 道题目
What did the NDRC official announce?
What is the plan's target speed for the new standard?
The CR450 prototype is designed for a test speed of 450 km/h and an operating speed of 400.
Why does the plan talk about a “system of standards” rather than a train? (Select all that apply)
The first line expected to use the train is the Chengdu–Chongqing section, where the trip should fall to about _____ minutes.
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